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Unit 1: Intro to Chemistry: Safety and Experiment Design
Guiding Questions:
- Scientific explanations must meet certain criteria: they should be logical, respect the rules of evidence, be open to criticism, report methods and procedures, and make knowledge public.
- Scientific experiments are conducted after much thought about what may be causing the phenomena in order to isolate important factors. In order to isolate these factors careful planning, including addressing safety issues, must be taken into consideration before attempting experiments.
- In order to draw a valid conclusion from an experiment, all variables except for that which is being tested must be controlled.
- Measurements communicate not only a magnitude and the system of measurement (unit) but also information about the tool used to make the measurement through precision (significant figures) and uncertainty
What you should learn:
Unit outline
- How do we know what is true?
- What does it mean to be "scientifically proven"?
- How do we avoid lab hazards?
- What do we do if there's an emergency in the lab?
More Specifically...:
- Lab Safety and Techniques
- Identify, locate, and know how to use laboratory safety equipment including aprons, goggles, gloves, fire extinguishers, fire blanket, safety shower, eye wash, broken glass container, and fume hood.
- Decide which safety and emergency procedures to follow in case of particular accidents including fires and hazardous material spills.
- Identify basic laboratory equipment including beaker, flask, graduated cylinder, test tube, test tube rack, test tube holder, ring stand, wire gauze, clay triangle, crucible with lid, evaporation dish, watch glass, wash bottle, and dropping pipette.
- Use Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) warnings, to find the following information: handling, lethal dose (LD), hazards, disposal, and chemical spill cleanup.
- Demonstrate proper methods for carrying and moving chemicals and equipment.
- Experiment Design (SOL Ch 1. d,e )
- Identify the following variables in an experiment
- a. Independent (Manipulated)
- b. Dependent (Measured)
- c. Controlled (Constant)
- Design and perform experiments to test predictions
- a. A hypothesis that is based on observation and research
- b. Detailed Procedure
- c. Controlled trial
- d. Repeated trials
- e. Identified variables and methods of measurement
- Data Measurement and Manipulation (SOL Ch 1. f, g)
- Select appropriate systems of measurement
- Classify measurements as accurate and/or precise.
- Use dimension analysis to convert quantities from one metric unit to another, and also between metric and English units.
- Define the mole and use dimension analysis to convert between
- a. Grams and moles
- b. Particles and moles
- c. Particles and grams
- Use SI system of measurement
- a. Identify the base units of the SI system including: seconds, grams, meters
- b. know most frequently used SI prefixes and their values (milli-, centi-, deci-, kilo-).
- Read a measurement from a graduated scale, stating measured digits plus the estimated digit.
- Report the degree of uncertainty of a measurement
- Determine the significant digits in a recorded measurement, and carry out mathematical operations using these measurements with answers rounded off to the correct number of significant digits.
- Report and calculate numbers in scientific notation
Lecture Notes:
Assignments:
Labs:
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