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Unit 6: Physical Properties
Guiding Questions:
- Why do substances boil or freeze at different temperatures?
- Why do we put salt on the roads in the winter?
- Why does sweating cool us?
- Why are some thing liquids at room temperature and other things gases or solids?
- How do Splenda and other artificial sweeteners work?
- How do bees tell the difference between a worker and the queen?
- How do intermolecular forces affect the structure of proteins and DNA?
What you should learn:
Unit outline
- The shape of a molecule can be used to predict the properties of that molecule.
- Physical properties can be explained and predicted by intermolecular interactions
- The amount of energy required to induce a physical change can be quantified.
- Intermolecular forces determine the relative amount of energy required for physical changes
- When energy is absorbed by a system, another system has lost an equivalent amount of energy (Law of conservation of energy).
More Specifically...:
- Pure Substances
- Use intermolecular forces to explain differences in physical properties
- Contrast the intermolecular forces exhibited by ionic, polar, and non-polar bonds
- a. ion-dipole interactions,
- b. dipole-dipole interactions,
- c. Hydrogen bonds and
- d. London dispersion forces
- Interpret phase diagrams
- Mixtures
- Interpret solubility graphs
- Predict solubility and miscibility using the rule "Like dissolves like"
- Explain what is meant by unsaturated, saturated and supersaturated solutions
- Describe the effect of temperature and pressure on solubility
- Describe the process of solvation for ionic and covalent substances
- Write dissociation reactions
- Identify strong, weak and non-electrolytes
- Describe the role of electrolytes in the body
- Explain causes of freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and vapor pressure reduction
- Review Concepts
- Describe how energy is gained or lost during changes of state
- Calculate enthalpy change for phase changes using heat of vaporization and heat of formation
- State that the temperature of a substance does not change as it undergoes a change in state
- Determine when to use q = mCdeltaT and when to use q = m deltaH
- Graph and interpret a heating/cooling curve
Lecture Notes:
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