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Unit 3: Gas Laws and States of Matter
Guiding Questions:
- Why do substances boil or freeze at different temperatures?
- Why does sweating cool us?
What you should learn:
- The motion of molecules and atoms explains energy transfer and changes in volume and pressure.
- Physical properties can be explained and predicted by intermolecular interactions
- The amount of energy required to induce a physical change can be quantified.
- Intermolecular forces determine the relative amount of energy required for physical changes
- When energy is absorbed by a system, another system has lost an equivalent amount of energy (Law of conservation of energy).
More Specifically...:
IB Objectives: SL
- Interpret phase diagrams Help 1 Help 2 Help 3
- Use intermolecular forces to explain
- a. state of matter at room temperature
- b. viscosity
- c. volatility
- d. boiling point
- e. freezing point
- f. vapor pressure Help
- Help 1
- Predict vapor pressure and boiling point based on intermolecular forces and molecular weight
- State that forces of attraction between molecules determine the physical changes of state.
- Describe energy content of solids, liquids, and gases Help
- Describe the Maxwell-Boltzman energy distribution curve
- Draw and explain qualitatively Maxwell-Botlzmann energy distribution curves for different temperatures IBH 5.1.4
- Describe kinetic theory in terms of the movement of particles whose average energy is proportional to absolute temperature IBH 5.1.1-2
- a. Describe motion of particles, the attractive forces between particles
- b. What happens during phase changes
- c. Describe diffusion
States of Matter
- Convert between different units of pressure (Torr, PSI, atm, KPa, mmHg)
- Convert between different units of temperature (Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit)
- Use Kinetic Molecular Theory to describe an ideal gas and explain how it is different from a real gas
- Define pressure and relate to kinetic theory
- Define and use standard temperature pressure
- Calculate and use molar gas volume in calculations
- Solve problems involving
- a. Boyles Law Help Quiz
- b. Charles Law Quiz
- c. Gay-Lussac's Law
- d. Avogadro's Law
- e. Combined Gas Law Quiz
- f. Ideal Gas Law (also use with density or mass and Stoichiometry problems) Quiz
- g. Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures Help
- h. Grahams Law of Effusion Quiz
Lecture Notes:
Assignments:
Labs:
Resources:
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Gases
Physical Properties
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