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Unit 12:Organic Chemistry
Guiding Questions:
- What is a polymer?
- What is all that stuff on the back of the shampoo bottle?
What you should learn:
- Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon and the compounds it makes.
- Carbon atoms bond in predictable patterns that make it possibly, by using the same rules about electron arrangment and intermolecular attrations used in Chem 1, to predict structure and properties.
- Functional groups are sets of atoms that give an organic specific properties because of electron arrangment and intermolecular attractions. Therefore, identification of the functional group on an organic compound allows us to predict its chemical and physical properties easily.
More Specifically...:
IB Objectives: SL
Option (A.1 and A.4)
HL
- State that organic chemistry is the study of carbon - the compounds it forms and the reactions it undergoes
- Classify compounds as organic or inorganic
- Describe the carbon-carbon bond
- Identify and name alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes using a prefix to describe the length of the carbon chain up through C6. Including branched chains
- Describe the features of the homologous series
- Predict and explain the trens in boiling points of members of a homologous series
- Draw structural formulas for the isomers of the
- non-cyclic alkanes up to C6
- straight-chain alkenes (CnH2n where n is between 2 and 5)
- Explain the relative inertness of alkanes
- Describe complete and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons and relate to environmental impacts and redox
- State that combustion of hydrocarbons is an exothermic process
- Draw (in full and condensed form) and state the names of compounds containing up to five carbon atoms with one of the following functional groups: aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, alcohol, amide, amine,ester, and halogenenoalkane
- Explain that functional groups can exist as isomers
- Define optical isomer/ enantiomeric pair
- Identify chiral centers
- Discuss the volatility, solubility in water and acid-base behavior of the functional groups aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, alcohol, amide, amine, ester, and halogenoalkane.
- Outline the reaction of symmetrical alkenes with hydrogen, bromine, hydrogen halides and water
- Outline the uses of reactions of alkenes
- Describe uses of hydrogenation (margarine, manufacture of ethanol)
- Describe how bromination can be used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes
- Outline the polymerization of alkenes
- Draw the structures of monomers and repeating unit of the polymer
- Outline the condensation reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to form an ester and state the uses of esters
- Describe the partial and complete oxidation of ethanol
- Deduce the condensation of polymers formed by amines and by carboxylic acids.
- Explain the need for two functional groups on monomers (polyamides, polyesters)
- Outline the formation of peptides and proteins from 2-amino acids
- State that all 2-amino acids except glycine can show optical activity
- Write primary structures of peptides
- Distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary halogenoalkanes
- Describe, explain, and draw the Sn1, Sn2 mechanisms in nucleophilic substition
- Describe, explain the molecularity for the Sn1, Sn2 mechanisms
- Predominant mechanism for tertiary halogenoalkens is Sn1
- Predominant mechanism for primary halogenoalkanes is Sn2
- Both mechanisms occur for secondary
- Describe how the rate of nucleophilic substition in halogenoalkanes depends on both the identity of the halogen and whether the halogenoalkane is primary, secondary, or tertiary
Lecture Notes:
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